Diabetes Mellitus, endocrinological pathology accompanied by hypergly syndrome (high blood glucose) due to insulin deficiency.This disease is accompanied by carbohydrate imbalance and other metabolic disorders.
At present, Diabetes Mellitus is diagnosed with 10-15% of the population of our planet.In childhood, the development of this disease, as a rule, is more often after stress and viral infections, as a rule.In the number of diabetics, the annual diabetes increased by 9-10%.Today, the number of patients with this disease exceeds 200 million people.Diabetes diagnosed in both men and women.
Reasons and mechanism for diabetes development
As a result of a violation of insulin and secretion by the beta cells of Langerganes, there is a decrease in insulin levels in the blood, which causes insulin shortages over time.As a result of relative insulin deficiency, insulin activity intensification of protein, liver enzymes, non-insulin and hormonal antagonists, insulin's resistance - insulin insulin will not be touched.
Insulin deficiency provokes protein, carbohydrate and fat exchanging disorders.The glucose of cell membranes in muscle and transition tissues are reduced, glucineogenesis and glycogenolysis, glucose, hyperglisemia, polyphysy and polyuria are consistent.Decoil is strengthening and fats are reduced to the formation of keton objects in the blood (acetolicis acid is astencing product, beta-oxy and acetouxus acids).These events cause a slipper in the direction of acidosis of acid base balance, as well as magnesium, sodium, potassium in potassion and cause kidney dysfunction.
There may be a decrease in alkaline reserves of up to 25% of blood blood.Reducing carbon dioxide and blood pH levels 7.2-7.0.
I how develops how to develop diabetes
The causes of diabetes have some differences depending on the type of diabetes.For example, patients with diabetes, which are diabetes due to outoimmune aggression and viral infection, are expanded by beta cells in the body, resulting in a shortcoming in a shortcoming.
How Diabetes II is How Type II
Patients with type II diabetics have a fairly insulin, but they lose the opportunity to understand the signal of body tissues.With the development of fat, adipose acts as a kind of obstacle that prevents the impact of tissue insulin.To overcome this obstacle, beta cells include intensive operation regime that later causes them to exhaust and relative insulin deficiency.Nevertheless, insulin-notifies does not turn into diabetes insulin - called.
Regardless of the ethylic factor in the development of diabetes, the same process occurs in slowdown and slowing down the transformation of the sugar in the blood.
Classification of diabetes
Depending on the clinical features, the following diabetes are different:
- I type in diabetes with a few sub-type in turn:
- insulin -business;
- Insulin -diz diabetes sugar:
- In people with obesity;
- In people with normal weight.
- Diabetes, the cause of development is an insufficient nutrition;
- Diabetes connection with certain syndromes and body conditions Other checking:
- Endocrine pathologies;
- insulin anomalies or receptor;
- Diseases of pancreat;
- certain genetic syndromes;
- conditions arising from the impact of chemicals or drugs;
- the condition of mixed etiological factors;
- Diabetes II shows that glucose tolerance is broken and it is divided into such forms:
- in patients with no more weight;
- In people with obesity;
- caused by a particular state or syndrome.
- III type of diabetes can develop during pregnancy.
Also identified static risk classes of this disease (patients with normal glucose tolerance, but diabetes):
- a state before the violation of glucose tolerance;
- Potential glucose tolerance disorders.
Basic (initial) diabetes type
The main (initial) type of diabetics with nutrition failure is emphasized as a separate pathology.This disease lives in tropical countries in people under the age of 30.According to statistics, the proportion of men and women is 2: 1.The total number of patients with this form of this diabetes is 20 million.
Most of these diabetes have two substruts.The first of them is a fibrocular pancreas diabetes.
Fibrocalcule Pancreas Diabetes
The area covers mainly Indonesia, India, Brazil, Bangladesh, Uganda and Nigeria.This pathology is characterized by the formation of extensive pancreofibrosis and stone in the main channel of the pancreas.The clinical picture is represented by sharp weight loss, repeated abdominal pain and other signs of insufficient nutrition.In this case, insulin therapy allows you to eliminate moderate and high glucosuria and hyperglishemia.One of the characteristic symptoms of this pathology is the lack of cetoacidosis related to the management of insulin production and gluceaballs.Topographic research (ultrasonic diagnosis, radiography, calculated tomography) allows you to determine the presence of stones on the channels of the pancreas.
Fibrocoscoricica is one of the factors in the development of diabetes that is in a diet in the diet of Linamarin, the diet of linamari, which is diaryaric acid during hydrolysis.With the participation of sulfur-kitchen acids, its harmful effects are eliminated and the protein food setting, which is often found in the population of the above countries, provokes the collection of the club, which is the reason for the development of fibrocallic.
Pancreas Diabetes
The development of pancreatic diabetes (type diabetes) has a relationship with protein deficiency in the body, but pancreas fibrosis has no manifestations.Characterized by temperate resistance resisting insulin and ketoacidosis.In most cases, patients suffer from depletion.Patients have reduced insulin secretion, but in patients with diabetes that are not such a measure, it explains the lack of ketoacidosis in patients.
Subtype J
According to the above, the classification of diabetes, there is no reference to the third subtyp of the pancreatia diabetes in Jamaica, there is no third subtile of the Pancreatia diabetes, we are talking about SUBYPE J.
Symptoms of diabetes
The first symptoms of diabetes occur due to high blood glucose content.After exceeding the level of 8.9-10.0, sugar inserts urine.While continuing to increase glucose level in the blood, the kidneys remove additional water, this is a fast urine (polyuria) clinically.Excess urinary insulation causes a fixed thirst (polydipsy).With urine, the body loses a large number of calories represented by glucose, so a person loses weight and constantly feels hunger.
Like droweles, visual sharpness, fatigue and heartbreak between other symptoms of diabetes are different.In addition, patients with insufficient insufficient diabetes are prone to infection.Type I diabetics, therefore, the shortcoming of insulin and therefore always lose weight before the therapy begins.Type II diabetics do not lose the body.
With type I diabetes, the rapid development of clinical manifestations occur and can soon move up to diabetic ketoacidosis.The glucose in the blood does not have the opportunity to use without the lack of insulin, so it will not be able to use it.Destruction of fat cells, the "acid" blood, which has the blood of poisonous chemical compounds, begins to form keton objects.
Diabetic ketoacidosis
The first symptoms of diabetic ketoasidosis are extremely urine and extreme thirst, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weight loss and abdominal pain (especially in childhood).Patients are associated with the body's attempts to neutralize the body's excessive acidity and are deep breathing, this process is accompanied by this process by the appearance of acetone.In the absence of treatment, diabetic ketoacoidosis can be difficult with a comment development, in some cases this process occurs within a few hours.
Type i Diabetes, if the patient has a planned injection or injury, heavy infection or other serious diseases, may be accompanied by the development of cetoacidosis after the start of insulin therapy.
Patients suffering from Type II diabetes cannot feel any signs of this pathology for a long enough time.Such a secret period of the disease can last until several decades.Clinical manifestations are activated as insulin lacks.
First, the volume of urinary dedicated to the norm is slightly expressed, thirst is weak, but these processes are moving forward over time.The events of ketoacidosis are rare.In blood glucose levels (some cases 55 mmol / l), this can fall into the condition of the body or severe infectious diseases, patients, drowsiness and the heaviest events, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar.
How to Diabetes Mellitus Available
With time, the high level of glucose in the blood can damage the nerves, blood vessels and other structures.Chemical compounds in glucose are located on the walls of small blood vessels, resulting in the walls of ships are thickened and damaged.The contraction of blood vessels causes blood flow to the deterioration of blood flow, especially in the skin and nervous ends.Without compensation for diabetes in the blood, the level of oil items accelerating the development of atherosclerosis occurs.Patients diagnosed with diabetes diagnosed, regardless of gender, are suffering from atherosclerosis, more than 2-6 atherosclerosis than with people who do not have it.The violation of the blood vessels in the circulation of the blood causes dysfunctions from the heart, kidneys, eyes, lower extremities, leather, skin and nerves, and the wounds slow the healing process.
What is the seriousness of the Mellitus of Diabetes
All these factors increase the risk of developing distant complications.In patients with diabetics, the risk of strokes and heart attacks, the damage to the blood vessels, the loss of visinopathy (diabetic retinopathy) is increasing kidney failure, so in some cases there are dialysis.Damage to nerves can lead to many results.Mononeuropathy (defective function of a nerve) can indicate itself with the sudden weakness of the upper or lower extremity.Diabetic polyinevopathy (damage to feet, legs or nerves of the legs or hands) causes sensitivity to sensitivity with sensitivity, pain, burning or tingling, arm and feet.The sensitivity of temperature and pain is reduced, it also leads to trauma.Blood-circulatory disorders can help the wounds and wounds to become weak healing.Localized ulcers in feet are a very deep and weak healing that causes the amputation of the affected extreme affected by infection and some cases.
Clinical research, constantly protecting a normal blood sugar, it is possible to avoid or end diabetes.The course of this disease has not been fully studied.There are a number of unexplored factors that cause development, including the number of genetic ones.
Diabetes diagnosis
Diabetes diagnosis, an animnez and the patient's examination begins with collection.During these measures, the patient's legacy, the existence of the privacy, the patient's only two-sized twins (one of them suffers from Mellitus, one of the diabetes), determined to be the presence of birth and a large fruit.
The following are a number of laboratory tests, which is:
- Blood tests are carried twice for glucose levels;
- Glucose Tolerance Test;
- To identify glucose levels in the daily urine.
With diabetes diagnosis, it is very important to find complications;All the bodies and systems are diagnosed.
Diabetes complication
Diabetes Mellitus's complication can be sharp and chronic, they are also divided in diabetes.The states of complications are different between sharp complications, and during this period, the loss of blood sugar is a loss of consciousness before brain disorders due to very low or very high concentration.Such conditions include:
- Diabetic Ketoacitosis (the most common complications of a sharp nature) shows itself with polyuria, polydipsis, an appetite, weakness, abdominal pain, heartbreak and vomiting;
- A hypoglycemic coma occurs with a sharp decline in the growing level of glucose in the blood, the degree of extreme hypoglycemia.Often, this is the result of an irregular dose of dose and sometimes occurs after certain meals or sulfailamides.
- The severity of the state's violence is superior to comic, diabetics, mainly in older people, II diabetes.30% of the work is the cause of the patient's death and has a severe infectious pathologies - in 70%.
Chronic (late) complications are combined to a group of pathologies developing in the patient's bodies and systems with long-term exposure to high blood sugar.First of all, the bodies are exposed to the bodies more sensitive to sugar, a kind of "target" for diabetes.Among the chronic complications of diabetes are known:
- Diabetic retinopathy is observed in 90% of diabetic patients.Develops with a long diabetes course and damage the veins of the eye retina;
- Diabetic nephroatia consists of complex damage from kidneys (pipes, arteries, glomeruli, arteries).The spread between diabetic patients is 75%;
- Diabetic neuropathy damage peripheral nerves in diabetic patients.Neuropathy is a promise factor in the development of a diabetic foot that can cause a suspension amputation;
- Diabetic encephalopathy is the damage to the brain, which is progressive.Increased fatigue, reducing performance, focus, emotional lility, headache, anxiety, anxiety and thinking process deterioration;
- Due to the skin diabetic lesions, carbohydrate exchange and accumulation of metabolism products and accumulation of metabolism products and the collection of metabolism products, the epidermis, the structural deformations of folicles, sweat glands.When a severe form of severe diabetes, the skin is rough, rough, rough, dwarfs, lamps, leather leather, hair loss;
- The syndrome of diabetic feet and brushes occurs in 30-80% of diabetics and is anatomical and functional disorders that appear in the form of low legs and phalan in severe cases.
Treatment of diabetes
The treatment of diabetes depends on the type of disease, but first of all the patient needs to normalize glucose levels in the blood.To do this, you need to radically change your lifestyle and diet.It is recommended to a special diet for diabetics based on calculating carbohydrates, proteins and oils, vitamins and trace elements.This calculation is taught by experts in this area.
The choice of medication therapy depends on the type of diabetes.Patients with diabetes are designated in insulin, with inefficiency of medicines, to keep insulin therapy and use glucose-contingent substances, to use glucose-contingent substances.
Insulin is strictly controlled to glucose levels in blood.Insulin preparations are divided into three types of action mechanism: extended, short and intermediate movement.Sugar -Contage drugs in insulin - with a diet, Mellitus is shown with diabetes disease.Sugar -Current drugs include: Biguanides, sulfonmochevina, thiazolidindion and meglitinids.
With this insidious disease, medical workers are very important for the patient and relatives to the patient's condition and first aid and the first aid in the position of first aid and the first aid in comment.
Forecast for Mellitus for diabetes
With the participation of Diabetes Mellitus, the patient is registered with an endocrinologist.In adequate therapy, the patient may be in a satisfactory situation for a long time.Mellitus can develop sharp and chronic complications to aggravate the prediction of a patient with a patient with diabetes.
Prevention of diabetes
With the Diabetes of the type I, preventive measures are to increase the body's resistance to various infections and eliminate the poisonous effects of antibodies in cases.For patients II, the type of diabetes is very important to adjust the nutrition and prevent obesity development.In order to prevent the development of complications in diabetes, it is necessary to properly adapt the doctor's recommendations and clarify this or the lack of consuming this food.